The Renaissance and the Reformation free essay sample

Wellsprings of Renaissance Ideas 1. Exchange prospered and made urban areas richer†Trade prompted development of enormous city-states in northern Italy. These spots got urban. In these urban communities individuals frequently traded thoughts and from this reproduced scholarly transformation. Dealers made the financial arrangement of free enterprise. 2. Bubonic Plague†The bubonic plague that executed portion of the populace brought upon an adjustment in the economy. When there were hardly any workers, they could request high wages. Consequently, there were less chances to grow business. Traders at that point started to seek after other intrigue, for example, craftsmanship. . Restoring Greece and Roman Art†Renaissance researchers came back to the learning of the Greeks and Romans. Right off the bat, craftsmen and researchers of Italy drew motivation from the remnants of Rome that encompassed them. Second, Western researchers contemplated old Latin original copies that ha d been protected in religious communities. Christian researchers in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek compositions. Humanism The investigation of old style messages prompted humanism. We will compose a custom article test on The Renaissance and the Reformation or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Humanists considered antiquated writings to comprehend Greek qualities. They impacted craftsman and draftsmen to carry on old style customs. They additionally advocated the investigation of subjects normal to old style instruction. Independence Individualism is the confidence in the essential significance of the individual and in the ethics of confidence and individual autonomy. Instances of Individualism Patrons†By support and having their representations painted or by giving craftsmanship to the city to put in broad daylight squares, this exhibited their own significance. All inclusive/Renaissance Man Renaissance journalists presented the possibility that every single taught individuals were required to make craftsmanship. The perfect individual endeavored to ace pretty much every territory of study. In Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier, it expressed that a youngster ought to be enchanting, clever, and knowledgeable in the works of art. He should move, sing, play music, and compose verse. Furthermore, he ought to be a gifted rider, grappler, and fighter. For Renaissance ladies, they ought to hope to look for acclaim. They were required to rouse craftsmanship, yet once in a while make it. Renaissance Values VS Middle Ages Values Medieval| Renaissance| Suffer on Earth for remuneration in paradise. | Worldly delight | For the magnificence of god| For distinction and glory| | Humanism| | The Medieval brain VS Renaissance mind Medieval| Renaissance| Medieval researchers attempted to cause old style writings to concur with Christian teachings| Studied antiquated writings to comprehend Greek qualities. | People showed devotion by wearing harsh dress and eating plain nourishments. | Humanists recommended that an individual may appreciate existence without culpable God. During the Renaissance, the rich appreciated material extravagances, great music, and fine nourishments. | Renaissance Art VS Middle Ages Art Medieval| Renaissance| Medieval specialists utilized strict subjects to pass on a profound perfect. | Renaissance craftsman regularly depicted strict subjects, however with a reasonable style replicated from old style models. | Art drew on procedures and styles of old style Greece and Rome| | Paintings and models depicted people and nature in progressively sensible and similar manners. | Artists made works that were common just as those that were strict. | Writers started to utilize vernacular dialects to communicate their thou ghts. | Artists kept themselves unknown. | human expressions adulated singular accomplishments. | Plain back ground, no point of view, exceptionally level, no outward appearance, not realistic| | Renaissance Education VS Middle Ages Education Medieval| Renaissance| Instruction was religious| Education was progressively worried about common things (history, math, science ect. )| Education is as a rule for aristocrats. | Terms Intellect (n)†The workforce of thinking and seeing unbiasedly. Free enterprise (n)†A framework dependent on wages and private proprietorship. Mainstream (adj. )†Worldly things; meaning mentalities, exercises or different things that have no strict or profound premise. Benefactors (n) †An individual who gives money related help to an individual, association, cause. (During the Renaissance, the Patrons gave budgetary help to craftsmen). Vernacular (n) †The language or lingo spoken by the common individuals in a specific nation or locale. Point of view (n) †A strategy in workmanship that shows three measurements on a level surface. People Michelangelo BuonarrotiUsed a sensible style when portraying the human body. DonatelloMade mold increasingly practical via cutting regular stances and articulations that uncover character. Leonardo da VinciHe was a painter, model, innovator, and researcher. Da Vinci shows the significance of a genuine â€Å"Renaissance man†. He was regularly keen on how things functioned. He would consider various subjects and fused his finding in his specialty. RaphaelHe was likewise knows as a Renaissance man. He exceeded expectations as a painter, stone carver, modeler, and writer. He is generally renowned for the manner in which he depicted the human body in painting and model. Impacted by old style workmanship, he made figures that are compelling and show gallant greatness. He is likewise well known for his utilization of viewpoint. Francesco PetrarchHe was one of the soonest and most persuasive humanists. Some have considered him the dad of Renaissance humanism. He was likewise an extraordinary writer who wrote in both Italian and Latin. Giovanni BoccaccioHe was an Italian author who is most popular for the Decameron. It presents both awful and comic perspectives on life. Boccaccio utilizes slicing amusingness to show the human condition. MachiavelliHe was a significant political figure who composed the book â€Å"The Prince. He looks at how a ruler can pick up force and keep it notwithstanding his adversaries. Williams ShakespeareHe is author and artist. Shakespeare venerated the works of art and drew on them for motivation and plots. In his plays he uncovered the spirits of people through scenes of emotional clash. A considerable lot of his plays inspect human imperfections. Johann GutenbergHe was a skilled worker who built up a printing ress that joined various innovations in another manner. He likewise printed the Gutenberg Bible, that was the main full-sized book printed with portable sort. Cosimo de Medici Lorenzo de Medici Baldassare Castiglione Isabella d’Ested’Este was William ShakespeareShakespeare was a celebrated writer and dramatist. After his plays, English was normali zed. He additionally interpreted the Bible from Latin to English. Shakespeare additionally extended the extent of the English jargon. Thomas MoreMore was a prominent Renaissance Humanist who wouldn't sign the ‘Act of Supremacy†, detained, and executed. He likewise composed the Utopia, which depicted a perfect city-state, built up him as a main humanist of the Renaissance. Reorganization Content Background Causes of the Reformation| Social| Political| Economic| Religious| The Renaissance estimations of humanism and secularism drove individuals to scrutinize the Church. | Powerful rulers tested the Church as the preeminent force in Europe. | European rulers and rulers were desirous of the Church’s riches. | Some Church chiefs had gotten common and degenerate. | The print machine assisted with spreading thoughts incredulous of the Church. Numerous pioneers saw the pope as an outside ruler and tested his power. | Merchants and others disliked paying charges to the Church. | Many individuals discovered Church practices, for example, the offer of guilty pleasures inadmissible. | 1. The Church During the Renaissance got defiled and disarranged. * The ministries didn't adhere to the Church’s laws * The Church got engaged with governmental issues, and picked up riches. * The Church turned out to be common (delighted in extravagances and the pastorates lived extravagantly). * The Church meandered away from Jesus’s lessons; lost principle objectives. They didn’t pay attention to their religion. * Church turned out to be excessively rich, excessively amazing. 2. Pundits straightforwardly assaulted the Church * Two new requests of priests were begun to help decontaminate the Church. * Renaissance soul addressed religion. * The Church exploited its customs and services to get well off. * Laid an excessive amount of pressure child service. * People thought there was a lot of expert on top. 3. Outside developments debilitated the intensity of the Church * Kings and residents didn't support the Church directing their lives. * People didn't invite the principles and order of outside chapel men. They didn’t need their Church to get associated with Rome (esp. monetarily). * Merchants didn't car e for the Church laws denying the loaning of cash of premium (in such a case that premiums were restrict then the individuals loaning the cash would not have any salary and the shippers couldn't begin their business). * Merchants needed the extravagances of the Church. 4. The print machine caused an unrest. * Writers censured the defilement of the Renaissance Popes. * Books empowered well known devotion. * There were various understandings of the Bible. * New thoughts spread all the more rapidly. Martin Luther’s job Martin Luther composed a reaction known as the 95 Theses assaulting the â€Å"pardon-mercahnts†. He at that point posted these announcements on the entryway of the palace church in Wittenberg and welcomed different researchers to discuss him. Somebody replicated Luther’s words and took them to a printer. He at that point got known all over Germany. This activity started the Reformation, a development for strict change. It prompted the establishing of Christian places of worship that didn't acknowledge the pope’s authority. Resultsâ€Church Divisions When Luther came back to Wittenberg in 1522, he found that a large number of his thoughts were being incorporated. Rather than keep looking for the change, he isolated himself into a gathering called the Lutherans. Charles V did battle against the Protestant sovereigns, and vanquished them in

The Member Of The Wedding Essays - Literature, Films,

The Member of the Wedding The Member of the Wedding The Member of the Wedding via Carson McCullers is the account of a juvenile young lady who triumphs over depression and increases development through a personality that she makes for herself in her psyche. It is with this pretense that multi year old Frankie Addams starts to feel certain about herself and life. The creator appears to show that one can like oneself through positive considering notwithstanding reality. The epic encourages that one's fate is a self-satisfied prediction, seeing one's self in a specific light generally makes a domain where one might turn into that which one might want to be. The world starts to look new and wonderful to Frankie when her more seasoned sibling Jarvis comes back from Alaska with his lady of the hour to-be, Janice. The once cumbersome Frankie, pitiful and desolate, feeling that she was an individual from nothing on the planet presently concludes that she will be the individual from the wedding. Frankie really accepts that she will be a fundamental piece of her sibling's new family and gets charmed by the possibility that she will leave Georgia and live with Jarvis and Janice in Winter Hill. In her plan to be a piece of this new unit, she names herself F. Jasmine with the goal that she and the wedding couple will all have names starting with the letters J and a. Her certain reasoning incites a rapture which adds to a dismissal of the old inclination that the old Frankie had no we to claim.... Presently this was unexpectedly done and changed. There was her sibling and the lady of the hour, and it was as if when first she saw them something she had known within her: They are the we of me. Being an individual from the wedding will, she feels, associate her permanently to her sibling and his better half. Normal of numerous adolescents, she felt that all together to be somebody she must be a piece of a flawless, existing gathering, that is, Jarvis and Janice. The adolescent years are known as a period of soul-looking for another and grown up character. With an end goal to discover this personality teenagers try to join a gathering. Frankie, as well, is deperate for Jarvis and Janice's grown-up acknowledgment. Frankie is compelled to go through the mid year with John Henry, her multi year old cousin, and Berenice Brown, her dark cook. It is through her connections with these two characters that the peruser sees Frankie's rising from adolescence. Before Jarvis and Janice show up, Frankie is substance to play with John Henry. At the point when she becomes F. Jasmine what's more, an envisioned we of the couple, she feels too develop to even think about having John Henry rest over, liking, rather, to involve her time clarifying her wedding plans to outsiders in bars, a conduct she would not have considered doing before picking up this new certainty. At the point when F. Jasmine reveals to her arrangements to Berenice, the cook promptly cautions her that Jarvis and Janice won't need her to live with them. F. Jasmine priggishly disregards the cook's admonition that you simply laying yourself this extravagant snare to get yourself in a tough situation. The pre-adult feels certain and arrogant, declining to accept that her plot is over the top. After the wedding and the breaking reality that Frances (as she is currently known) faces, it is apparent, from the way that their refusal doesn't smash her, that she has genuinely turned herself around, and that her development is a true and standing one. At the finish of the story, the now certain Frances can design a future for herself, without anyone else, which incorporates turning into an extraordinary author. She, further, finds a thoughtful companion who turns into the other portion of her new we. Carson McCullers splendidly depicts a high school young lady's development through a created sentiment of having a place, which eventually prompts a genuine having a place. The peruser perceives how the young lady develops from an infantile Frankie, to a frustrated F. Jasmine, and in the long run to a developed Frances. At the point when F. Jasmine addresses Berenice with respect to why it is illicit to change one's name without assent of the court, the cook intelligently reacts, You have a name and one thing after another transpires, furthermore, you carry on in different ways and do different things, so that soon the name starts to have an importance. No issue how we may change facades, it is just when our deepest emotions are modified that we genuinely change also, develop.

Comparative Business Ethics Of Galleon †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Comparative Business Ethics Of Galleon. Answer: Near Business Ethics And Social Responsibility Insider exchanging calls into questions issues or legitimateness and profound quality dependent on moral contemplations. The activity taken when utilizing insider data, ought to be broke down from the point of view of whether the results can prompt an illicitness or not. The activity could be lawful however not moral. It could likewise be illicit yet moral. Controllers, officials and speculators have a significant job in lessening the utilization of insider data inside their circles of power. Shifted suggestions can emerge when nonpublic data is utilized in exchanging organization stocks. Examinations concerning cases including insider exchanging require mystery so as to diminish impedance and messing with the proof. This is basic in fruitful indictments which fill in as an impediment for finance directors from taking comparable ways and activities. Insider merchants in Wall Street utilize various methods so as to pick up data which is viewed as nonpublic (US SEC 2017). These range from filtering through the trash of the objective organization wherein the data is being looked for. Displeased representatives are likewise used to give data about their organizations either with monetary affectation or out of vindictiveness. Moles are additionally planted inside organizations with the point of gathering secret data. People of high position who are conscious of private records are likewise ruined out of eagerness so as to spill news before it is made open. The above strategies of gathering data are normal in Wall Street. Controller, financial specialist and officials can attempt the accompanying measures so as to diminish such practices. Controllers The principle controller entrusted under the law is the Securities and Exchange Commission. The controller can push for the change of the insider exchanging law as of now expressed. The law is feeble in setting out the punishments that can be allotted to those saw as guilty. The law is feeble in substance however broad in principle. Safeguard legal counselors gain by this deficiency while speaking to wrongdoers who have been seen as liable of breaking its principles. Eisenberg Gates (2017) express that in the decision of Salman v United States, the Supreme Court wouldn't acknowledge the hypotheses set out as having no premise in law. Reinforcing the law would give the controller greater expert in effectively indicting such cases. Stiffer punishments and condemning would go about as the impediment that would check the unlawful methods of social event data. Financial specialists Speculators regularly settle on decisions to contribute subsequent to accepting data from money related guides who work in Wall Street. A portion of these substances are in established truth simply unlawful data gathering shops. These counselors structure some portion of the complex maze inside Wall Street that engenders the proceeded with utilization of methods that are illicit when gathering data. Speculators can help control such practices by embraced due persistence to build up how such monetary counsels assemble their data. Looking for the SEC in situations where they need affirmation is fitting before connecting such firms. This will help diminish the utilization of such practices and which is the premise of insider exchanging. This will likewise assist with securing the assets they have been entrusted with contributing. Administrators Administrators can decrease this bad habit from two viewpoints. The main viewpoint is the place the official is driving a firm occupied with exchanging shares or overseeing reserves. Having a solid and clear hierarchical strategy on insider exchanging is significant. It should explain the limits of exchanging together with punishments pertinent for breaks. Sherwood (2012) states those power outage periods ought to be remembered for such a strategy. This incorporates periods, for example, before organizations discharge material data or the arrival of quarterly profit. Constraints on how representatives can discard their offers will likewise lessen the act of insider exchanging by making it hard to pick up from selling their organization stocks. Receiving share plans which are programmed by the officials is a decent beginning stage. The second point of view for officials is the place they are driving organizations that are effectively exchanged on the stock trade. To guarantee that their utilizes are not tempted by outside players to participate in such works on, making a helpful workplace is empowered. Giving initiative that advances value and decency will guarantee that no workers are disappointed and who may choose to sell classified organization data. Advancing and imparting hard working attitudes will likewise diminish the likelihood of such events at the work environment. Normal screening of workers so as to distinguish moles ought to be supported. Improving security and guaranteeing secret organization archives are protected or appropriately devastated will likewise help with diminishing this bad habit in Wall Street. One of the ramifications of sharing insider data is with respect to stocks which are exchanged. The data used to purchase or sell shares on the stock trades mutilates the genuine reality and estimation of the market and contorts showcase powers. The market powers are the principal settling establishments that guarantee dependability in the market. Smith Block (2016) attest that counterfeit control of the market elements makes insecurity that can prompt market crashes. Counterfeit and swelled worth is given to stocks without sponsorship dependent on advertise basics. Exchanging dependent on insider data can bring about market crashes it is found that specific organization shares are expanded misleadingly. Sabin (2009) states that a genuine model happened in 1920, when the activities of J.P Morgan Co accelerated the market crash that set off the Great Depression. Another ramifications of sharing classified material data is that it can possibly hurt speculators. If the material realities being shared are bogus, settling on choices based from that stand can prompt gigantic misfortunes. This is the premise of ponzi plans and tricks inside organizations. Some data which is passed on is purposefully deceptive. It is given with the point of setting off a domino and falling impact that is promoted by a chosen few (Walsh 2017). On getting such data and passing it on with cross checking is risky and deceptive. It makes culpability on the individual sharing such data. This is notwithstanding the individual included not picking up by and by from such material realities. Overland (2017), sets that it in this manner can prompt one being charged in common and criminal procedures in spite of having guiltlessly passing on such realities spur of the moment. The other basic ramifications of sharing secret information about a stock is that it is unpredictably connected with the bigger budgetary market and the economy everywhere (Witter 2016). Outsiders may take out a bank advance to buy the stocks which they think will appreciate. For the situation that the stock doesn't acknowledge yet plunges down puts the bank in danger as it holds stock which does not merit its worth. At the point when this happens for a gigantic scope because of a few thousand individuals purchasing simultaneously, banks may at last fizzle and should be saved. The precariousness in the monetary organizations may cause gradually expanding influences that influence the entire economy. In this manner insider exchanging has the ramifications of hurting the economy of a country on the loose. Knowing data that is nonpublic changes the elements when one is exchanging a stock from three points of view. The main thinking that will manage the choice taken will be founded on moral grounds in not exchanging such a stock (Ferrel, Fraedrich Ferrel 2017). The moral standard of rights and obligations is proper in this specific circumstance (Xu Ma 2016). The ranking director to whom I report to has the privilege to the data in my ownership so as to give headings on the most proficient method to continue. I likewise reserve the privilege to protection in controlling the manner in which I control the material realities about the stock. I should practice decision making ability and circumspection as a merchant. With the rights come obligations, for example, the obligation to act honestly, with honesty and to do equity. The idea of not making hurt others will likewise control me in taking care of a load of which I am conscious of classified data. The second thinking that will control my activities depends on institutional rules on such occurrences. This will be as the current organization strategy that expresses the conditions, affectability and size of results of exchanging such a stock (Governance Institute of Australia 2014). The terms set out in the work contract that illuminate commitments of classification ought to likewise add to the choice that will be made. Lenkey (2014) states that separated from the secrecy understandings which are inner, comparative game plans with outside partners ought to be taken in thought in making taking an all encompassing position. On the off chance that the organization whose stock is being exchanged effectively and deliberately spilled data to further their potential benefit, the absence of a secrecy understanding ought not decrease the moral position that may impact me. The third point of view is that of exchanging the stock as an investor. In the occasion that selling the stock will generously profit me, I need to offset the result with moral contemplations. In light of the hypothesis of consequentialism, gauging the results of the activity taken is basic. Will my activity bring about limiting mischief and amplifying advantage or the other way around (Andric Tanyi 2016). The selfless position would be perfect in this circumstance in that it will prompt profiting others even at my own expense. I may pass up a major opportunity in profiting monetarily however will help in a little manner in diminishing the general domino impact of selling at the same time by comparative investors. This activity mirrors the genuine estimation of the stock for other ho

15 Key Concepts to Review for ACT Math

22Did you know that the majority of ACT test-takers find the Math Test to be the hardest section on the exam? It’s true: ACT Math can look off-putting at first glance. But it doesnt have to be a struggle. With these 15 key concepts to review for ACT Math, you have your road map to ACT Math success! A few notes: These topics are listed in order of their importance on the ACT Math Test. The topics at the bottom of the list may only show up in a handful of questions, but mastering them can make the difference between a score youre happy with and one you wish you could change. This list is not exhaustive. In other words, it doesnt cover all Math topics that appear on the ACT Math Test. These topics are those that students either find the most difficult, or ‘fall through the cracks’ as students prepare for test day. For a list and resources covering every single topic on the ACT Math test, check out our ACT Math posts! Pre-Algebra (20-25%) 1. Mean, Median, and Mode Ah yes: mean, median, and mode. They’re simple concepts to learn, but you don’t want to get them mixed up on test day. Mean: the average of all the numbers. Median: the middle value of a list of numbers. Mode: the number that appears most in a list. Remember, you can have more than one mode in a set of numbers! 2. Probability If you want the odds to be in your favor, there’s one big rule to remember about probability. To determine probability, divide the number of particular outcomes by the number of total outcomes. Got three red candies in a bag of ten candies? That means you have a 30% chance of pulling a red candy out of the bag. 3. Absolute Value If you see a vertical lines on either side of a number, that’s absolute value. If those lines are around a negative number, treat the number like a positive number as you solve an equation. Elementary Algebra (15-20%) . Solving Triangles Applying your SOHCATOA knowledge to a triangle, it is possible to solve for ‘x’ when ‘x’ is the unknown length of one of the triangle’s sides. To make this even easier process, commit some time to memorizing the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent values for the following angles: 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90. Though this will take some brain power (and possibly a few flashcards), being able to plug in these values to an equation will save you a significant amount of time on the Math ACT Test. And if you’re shooting for a perfect 36 on the ACT, this is something you cannot afford to miss. 15. Trigonometric Graphs Okay, to correctly answer the 1-2 questions concerning trigonometric graphs, you need to memorize the three graphs that represent the following equations. Y = sin x Y = cos x Y = tan x The three basic trigonometry graphs you cant afford to miss! Graph by Geek3. Now, if you know what these graphs look like in their simplest forms, it becomes a lot easier to match an equation to graph, even if the equation represents a graph where the amplitude or period has been stretched. As you go through examples, you will discover that matching a graph to the right equation (or vice versa) becomes surprisingly easy. Final Thoughts Well, Magooshers, I hope this article has helped you refresh some crucial Math topics. I certainly had a few flashbacks to high school Math classes while writing it. No matter which Math topics stump you, focus on your weaknesses as you prepare for test day. Apply your newly-honed skills to practice problems before sitting down to a full-length practice test. If you do that, you are on your way to ACT Math Test success!

Definition and Examples of Koineization (Dialect Mixing)

Oracle, Mysql And Sql Server Essay - 907 Words

When looking into what database program to get for the company the first question you must ask is what do you want to accomplish? Once you can answer that question you can start looking at the different database programs out there. There are quite a few out there but the top three companies are Oracle, MySQL and SQL Server. When you get down to the bare bones of each program there are differences with each. So again you have to know what you want to accomplish. First let us take a look at Oracle. Oracle has been the leader for years; it was released for commercial use in 1980s. It was also the first to develop commercial-layer SQL. Some of Oracle’s has many features the interface can either be SQL (structured query language) or GUI (graphical user interface). The languages it supports are C, C#, C++, Java, Ruby, Objective C and many more. It can be loaded on different operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and Solaris. MySQL usually performs better on UNIX and UNIX-like systems. One of the biggest downsides for some people is that Oracle is proprietary. Proprietary is when the company owns all the rights to the software and are not allowed to be duplicated or replicated without the consent of the company. Some people may ask how does Oracle stay at the top of the list for databases, and people could say it is because they have been around for a long time and people know the name, but other people in the industry might say it is because they use buzzwords likeShow MoreRelatedDatabase Comparison of Sql Server 2000, Access, Mysql, Db2, and Oracle1164 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This paper will compare and contrast five different database management systems on six criteria. The database management systems (DBMS) that will be discussed are SQL Server 2000, Access, MySQL, DB2, and Oracle. 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Is Junk Food Really Cheaper Essay Example For Students

Is Junk Food Really Cheaper? Essay Letting Go of Junk Food As many people lead busy lives, the immediate availability of such things as fast food, or junk food, have led most to seek convenience in food rather than emphasizing nourishment. The â€Å"on-the-go† attitude towards food that many people readily defend as being cheaper and more convenient has allowed us to become self-enablers to unhealthy habits. A large majority of the popular arguments for eating fast food or junk food are merely excuses to knowingly consume unhealthy food. Rather than reflexively defending not-so-healthy habits, initiating the transition away from convenience junk food could mean all the difference when it comes to our wallets, and more importantly our health. Making a healthy diet the â€Å"cool† choice is the incentive most likely to have people encouraging one another to eat nutritionally. Therfore, the cost of junk food is not really cheaper in comparison to a home cooked meal.The article is intended for is one of non-academic audience based upon the language Bittman uses throughout, thus making it easy to understand by people not in the field of study. Bittman’s purpose of the article is to inform the audience about the cost of junk food in comparison to buying ingredients from a supermarket and the addictive quality the hyper-processed food holds. For example, he states that a typical meal at McDonald’s to feed a family of four is roughly twenty-eight dollars, which is expensive in comparison to cooking a meal at home for the same size family for about nine dollars (Bittman 660). This shows the audience that the money that usually goes toward a meal at McDonald’s should be put towards cooking a meal at home. He then informs the audience on the addictive quality that junk food holds. Bittman writes, â€Å"The addiction to processed food is the result of decades of vision and hard work by the industry† (663). The industry finds the right balance between all the flavors which makes people wanting more. An. .unk food cheaper compared to a home cooked meal? No, because people are actually spending more on a meal that will only last for a single meal at McDonald’s or some other fast food restaurant, when it would be better spent on ingredients for a home cooked meal. The audience are able to know that Bittman hold authority on the subject, though not formally trained, and is trustworthy because he cited his sources where he found information from. He appeals logically through the use of statistics, such as the inflation of junk food, and reasoning when he writes about alternatives for junk food. Finally, emotionally the audience can identify with happiness as Bittman compares home cooking to a carnival and disgust when given the image of a McDonald’s meal is compared to ingredients from a supermarket. Therefore, cooking at home is better and beneficial than junk food.

Second Coming Essays - Abbey Theatre, Anti-Catholicism In Ireland

Second Coming "Surely the Second coming is at hand;... when a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight:... A shape with a lion body and the head of a man, / A gaze blank And pitiless as the sun,"(2.9-15). Is the world actually coming to an end? Is this sphinx-like creature truly our inevitable savior? Or, is Yeats' life and things surrounding it coming to chaos? Is the war and restless spirit of Ireland influencing Yeats' work? On the other hand, is Yeats trying to help one to understand the frustrations of their own lives on a more personal level? The depth of Yeats's work, among many other great poets, is immeasurable. Many surrounding emotions, and intentions may go into this poem, along with various other subsidies the poet may not even be aware of. This is precisely why the literature department, or lack of, in many schools is weakening. Too many teachers, professors, and now students focus either solely on rhyme and meter or the "obvious" reason a poet might compose a poem, such as personal relationships, failures, earthly surroundings, or mental distress. The educators of students today need to be more open-minded on the interpretations one has for a particular poem. Literature has been a very strong Darr2 foundation for any prosperous civilization. For centuries poets will be immortalized in classes and books. However, as their words are remembered their spirit has been lost. When analyzing a great poet's work such as Yeats, the most obvious interpretation is usually not the correct one. Literature helps open minds to endless possibilities in every possible aspect. If students are taught to just accept explanations and are discouraged from questioning or even thinking for themselves, then the world will soon become full of conformed, mindless robots. Future leaders of the world must be taught to analyze everything. They must be taught to use their imaginations and logical thinking together. That is a most powerful combination in the hands of a determined student. The process must be in the root of this thinking. It must begin with literature. Throughout Yeats' life he has produced numerous controversial poems. Many people hold their own, very strong, opinions about poems. The truth is, there is not only one. Yeats had many different influences when writing "The Second Coming", and it is important for the reader to know each of them before they can even begin to understand the many meanings and interpretations of this poem. Yeats's poetry has three major influences. The more obvious one is the fact that Yeats was from Ireland, and at the time that this poem was written, World War II was affecting Ireland. However, WWII was not something knew to the Ireland's culture because for the past 300 years Ireland had been involved in many other wars and at the same time trying to gain their independence. Another influence on Yeats's writing was his personal religion, Gnosticism. According to Harold Bloom, Yeats believed Christianity to be "the barbarian theosophy," and declined to distinguish it form Gnosticism (1). Gnosticism Darr3 has to do with searching for self-knowledge and rejecting the society of their time. This seems to have been quite appropriate for Yeats and his writing. The third influence on Yeats's writing was the work of other philosophical writers such as Shelley, Blake, and Nietzsche. Yeats used some of the imagery and context of their previous works to help describe the meaning of "The Second Coming." When reading "The Second Coming" one's first impression might be of someone who felt as though they had no control of their life and therefore life was about to come to an end. That interpretation was not well thought out and very narrow-minded. The meaning is much more complex than that. "The Second Coming" is a very powerful piece of poetry, and one of the most universal admired poems of the 20th century. Attempting to understand William Butler Yeats's work is almost impossible unless you let one to become completely open-minded on every aspect of the poem. There are many different theories as to what the true meaning of "The Second Coming" really is. The fact of the matter is that Yeats purposefully has more than one interpretation of "The Second Coming." He wants the average person to open his or her creative mind and to analyze every influence, language, and imagery to understand the message he is trying to get across. When reading the opening lines of "The Second Coming" there are two meaning Yeats is trying to portray. In the opening figuration,

Postmodern women poets and their influences Essays

Postmodern women poets and their influences Essays Postmodern women poets and their influences Paper Postmodern women poets and their influences Paper Essay Topic: Anne Sexton Poems Phillis Wheatley Poems The spread of new ideas after World War II helped shape postmodern poetry that can be differentiated from modernist poetry by its focus on minimalist and conceptualist approaches. In all art, the â€Å"postmodern† began with the rise in mass communications and related developments in advertising related to consumerism. Literature was no exception- the poetry of the Cold War era is marked by an evolution from the early modernist movements of the 20th century. As Albert Gelpi writes: The poetry of the Cold War period set out the defining features of Postmodernism before critics introduced the term: a deepening sense of the minds alienation from nature and of the worlds alienation from reality; an intensified experience of material randomness and temporal flux, of moral relativity anal psychological alienation, of epistemological confusion and metaphysical doubt; a drastic scaling down of expectations and aspirations; a questioning of language as a medium of perception and communication; a shift from hypostasizing poetry as a completed work to investigating it as an inconclusive process of provisional improvisation. The development of modern poetry is defined by a number of women that emerged to define it. Women poets such as Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton and Carolyn Kizer all influenced and defined the literature of their time by their views on death, emotion and feminism. These American postmodern poets, especially Plath and Sexton defined and expanded on the idea of confessional poetry, which traffics in intimate, and sometimes unflattering, information about herself, in poems about illness, sexuality, despondence and the like (â€Å"Confessional†, par. 1). However, the influences on them and other contemporary poets are rooted in the poets of the preceding generation. In Plath’s case, a plethora of influences shaped her writing. Marjorie Perloff writes: Sylvia Plath – or Sivvy as she called herself in her letters home, never quite abandoned the carefully constructed voice that won her prizes and awards in all the right quarters, a voice her mother could and did approve of. Indeed, the early poems display a bewildering hodge-podge of influences: Hopkins and Yeats, Auden and Wilbur, Stevens and Thomas, and, a little later, first Lowell and then Roethke and Hughes himself. (304) These influences shaped the young Plath, however in the end it was a combination of factors that affected her life that made her poetry memorable. There is a precise correlation between the breakdown of Plath’s marriage to Ted Hughes and the writing of the great poems (Aird 1979). There is some contention that her work is undeserving of the confessional brand. Beake says of her: There seems to have been very little attempt to place Plath as an American poet in the context of her generation. There was the early very silly labelling of her, Sexton, Lowell and Berryman etc as The Confessional Poets. It is doubtful if this school ever had any reality in the minds of the poets involved, as opposed to the critics. In the case of Plath it must be questioned whether a poet so interested in the fictional and the persona can be confessional. (par. 3) Likewise, Sexton is also named one of the foremost confessional poets of her generation, and as a contemporary of Plath one of the most interesting pieces about them is their friendship. Sexton fleshed her memories into The Bar Fly Ought to Sing and included two poems: Sylvias Death, an elegy she wrote on February 17, 1963, just six days after Plaths suicide, and Wanting to Die, which she wrote one year later. (Trinidad, par. 3). There is a general idea among literary critics that there existed a mutual influence with each other’s work between the poets, however there has been very little scholarly work in this area. (Trinidad par. 1) Sexton is seen as the modern model of the confessional poet, inspired by W. D. Snodgrass, her mentor whom she met at the Antioch Writers Conference in 1957. His poem, â€Å"Heart’s Needle†, about his separation from his three year old daughter, encouraged her to write The Double Image, a poem significant in expressing the multi-generational relationships existing between mother and daughter. Hearts Needle was particularly inspirational to Sexton because at the time she first read it her own young daughter was living with her mother-in-law. Sexton began writing letters to Snodgrass and they soon became friends. (â€Å"Anne Sexton† par. 6) Kizer, meanwhile, fits more in a succession of passionate women in poetry, that includes Phillis Wheatley, Frances Osgood, Emily Dickinson, Alice Dunbar Nelson, Sara Teasdale, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Anna Hampstead Branch, Louise Bogan, and Leonie Adams. Finch argues that these women poets expressed emotions in a way different from the prevailing romantics and modernists of their time. â€Å"This powerful tradition of women poets built successful careers writing formal, accessible poems about spiritual and political as well as domestic and emotional themes. † (Finch par. 3).

Bonds and Trustees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bonds and Trustees - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the legal structure of a trust agreement to provide that the rights of the bondholders are vested in the trustee through the trust agreement which confers upon the trustee rights to â€Å"represent the holder in dealing with the issuer and to enforce action on their collective behalf†. By virtue of the trust agreement, subject to the provisions of the deed, the trustee shall represent the bondholder and the bondholder shall not be allowed to represent him/herself unless there is a breach of the agreement, which will render it unenforceable. Thus, the provision in the conditions of trust, which states, â€Å"no bondholder may take enforcement action against the issuer following a default unless the trustee, having become obliged to act thereon, has failed to do so† is valid. As held in case of Highberry Ltd v Colt Telecom Group Plc (No.2) a no-action clause is valid. Under Chapter 29 Part 1 of the Trustee Act 2000, the trustee has the duty to â€Å"exercise such care and skill as is reasonable in the circumstances, having regard in particular- (a) to any special knowledge or experience that he has or holds himself out as having, and (b) if he acts as trustee in the course of a business or profession, to any special knowledge or experience that it is reasonable to expect of a person acting in the course of that kind of business or profession.† The degree of care in transacting business for and on behalf of the bondholders binds the trustee to deliver what is in the best interest of the bondholder. The same rules apply as in the case of negligence. Therefore, where the trustee is faced with a situation where it becomes obliged to act, the failure thereof to act accordingly would constitute a statutory breach as well as of the agreement.

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Reflection paper - Essay Example He believes that his wife has a nervous depression which is the reason why he takes her away from the town to a far off mansion. He serves as her physician and believes that she is totally helpless while the narrator is not at all satisfied from her husband’s treatment yet she prefers to stay quiet. She cannot voice all that she detests. She thinks that that is the hurdle between her and her health and that is why she does not get better. She is allowed to write her thoughts on ‘dead paper’ and those writings have to be kept private and away from others. The book focuses on giving woman a respectable environment where can they live as free-willed human beings and enjoy their lives just like men do. The usage of symbolism is quite vivid throughout the book as the narrator tries to present a clear-cut image of what women were treated like back in the 1800’s. Back at her own house, she lived with John, in a bright spacious room which had yellow wallpaper which she completely found hideous and disgusting. She was not allowed to write or to work, all that she was allowed to do was rest. The wallpaper became a source of reaction for her, she could stare at it for hours and soon after she started to examine it, patterns started to take shape. She could see images and everything started to change. She could see a woman behind bars, all trapped and with no way out. She felt enslaved too and all her sympathies were directed towards enslaved women. She becomes paranoid around her babysitter and even her husband and starts to feel that they also want to discover the truth behind the images of the wallpaper. The narrator becomes hysterical and tears the wallpaper down which she seems is the only way to release the woman behind it. The wallpaper was not the cause behind her depression. She just became obsessed with it because she had nothing else to do. She was also not

How Far Libraries in Primary Schools Assist in the Education System Essay Example for Free

How Far Libraries in Primary Schools Assist in the Education System Essay Education all over the world has evolved into a more complex system of teaching methods, areas of learning to be taught, curriculum, tools to be used in the mode of instruction chosen, language to be used in the instruction, and many more. As schools respond to these needs, a parallel program to upgrade the states of the schools’ libraries is also necessary. Studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between library programs and levels of performance among children in the primary schools. Thus, the advocacy in pursuing strategic plans to better equip the libraries in primary schools is growing. Libraries have organized into a solid association as they seek the support of the government not only in terms of legislation but more so on adequate funding to rehabilitate the libraries of primary schools. A primary school library serves as the media center for students, faculty, staff, and parents that serve each of their purposes and interests. For a student, the school library is the place where he gets information relative to classroom assignments and projects. It could also be the source for a student’s interest in children books, caricature books, comic books, adventure books which he usually shares with his friends and classmates. For the faculty and staff, the primary school library is the source of relevant materials such as stories, poems, songs, and structured activities which serve to enhance the teaching method and enrich teaching modules. For parents, the primary school library serves as a refresher forum in order for them to catch up with their children’s assignments and works. A good primary school library is a place where children are taught how to love reading. There is focus on the enhancement of reading habits among children. Some early rewards system may be established to grow the reading habit. There should be a significance of motivation in promoting student reading. Meanwhile, teachers and parents are coached on how to support the child’s learning how to love reading. Guidelines in improving reading promotion programs are in place. (Johnson, J. Creating fat kids who don’t like to read. Sept/Oct 1999, Vol. 18 Issue 2 p96). LITERATURE REVIEW The availability of materials in this subject matter is not broad. However, studies conducted in this area showed more or less identical results. These findings only strengthen the thesis of this work. Most of the materials that can be used in research studies on primary school libraries are on fund-raising activities in order to grow the number of books in the primary school libraries. Only a handful could be read on the focus and evaluation of primary school libraries. In a documentary by Pat Miller, he discussed on how librarians can attract children to the library where interest from among these children seems to have faded. The perception among children that the library is the home of antiquated and boring books should be dis-abused and re-aligned to the basic truth and tradition that children needs to develop the habit of reading to equip them for a better future. Moreover, she suggests librarians to make library a kid-friendly by taking cues from their electronic livesproviding library games, encouraging student chat, teaching with video and audio, and making the books relevant and personal. Moreover, she recommends librarians to cater all learning styles and to consider factors like gender appeal in taking steps to enhance the students interest in library (Miller, Pat. Is your library kid-friendly? Library Media Connection. Worthington, Mar 2008. Vol 26, Issue 6 pg22). In Jesuit schools like the Ateneo de Manila University, the primary school library serves as the resource center for teachers as they weave stories into the everyday lessons aimed at building at total formation of the child. This is in conjunction with the school’s strategy of promoting a class teacher scheme of imparting knowledge. The self-contained classroom develops students through integration of subject matters using reading skills and values as the thread. Storybook weaving approach is the key in achieving a self-contained classroom strategy. In this context, the primary school library provides various and extensive collection of storybooks for both the teachers and the students. The purpose of a school library according to The School Library Association (January 2006) is to provide a wide range of multimedia resources to support teaching and learning throughout the key stages, ad foster a reading and information culture that promotes independent motivated readers and learners for life. One of the main objectives of a primary school library is to cultivate interest for reading among children with the end of developing the habit of reading among them as they grow into well-informed adults. Developing enthusiasm for learning through reading is the focus of library work (Dubber, Geoff. Cultivating Curiosity: information literacy skills and the primary school library. Januray 2008). The use of a rewards system in creating interest for reading among children may be a good incentive at the beginning. But weaning children from getting rewards for their reading habit should be done at an earlier stage. The enthusiasm to be in the library to read books should be out of a habit and personal interest cultivated in the child through earlier intervention programs. This updated and revised Guideline, taking account of the 2007 Government literacy teaching objectives, explains the importance of embedding information literacy into a whole school, ICT and curriculum context. It outlines and explains the processes of research for young children and shows ways that teachers and librarians can develop and promote information literacy and related ICT skills through the primary school library and link it to classroom practice. It also includes a very useful and practical case study, some templates, and a reading list. (Dubber, 2008). Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a sample of more than 20,000 children who started kindergarten in fall 1998, researchers found that many children do not experience key elements in their schools that maximize their learning outcomes: * 30 percent of all children attend elementary schools that do not have strong principal leadership * Just over half of all children are in schools where their teachers meet together regularly to plan sequenced and coordinated instruction. * 15 percent of children are in schools where teacher turnover is a problem (Peckham, Suzanne. â€Å"Specific School Traits linked to Elementary Achievement Scores. † The Education Digest. Mar 2008. Vol 73 Issue 7 pg 76). In other parts of the world, like China, learner-centered teaching is as a way to nurture active learners who can innovate and solve problems. Teacher education programs are beginning to adopt learner-centered methods as well. In the U. S. , learner-centered approaches, which emphasize teaching for meaning, have been promoted for some time. Primary teachers now get three years of training, and the eventual goal is for all teachers to have at least four years of training. Traditionally, Chinese teacher education has concentrated on subject matter. In the last decade, however, there have been calls for expanding professional preparation by establishing closer links between schools and universities, by having prospective teachers study educational theory and apply their skills through practice teaching, and by having teacher educator’s model effective pedagogy. Meanwhile, U. S. policy makers have been promoting shorter, alternative routes to teaching, including on-the-job training (Preus, Betty. â€Å"Educational Trends in China and the United States: Proverbial Pendulum or Potential for Balance. † Bloomington: Oct 2007. Vol. 89 Issue 2; pg115). The library department should take the initiative to create and implement simple activities that attract children to their school library. These activities should point back to good old books like literature and establish a connection of the lessons, phrases, morale of these books to the present times. This would create an impression in the minds of children why these books are still read up to this day. (Weisburg, Hilda and Ruth Toor. â€Å"Brush Up your Shakespeare. † School Librarian’s Workshop. Berkeley Heights: Spring 2008. Vol 28 Issue 5; pg 16). The primary school library serves as the motivator of interest in children while it is a data center for adults like teachers and parents. The former brings about awareness and interest while the latter reinforces needs to bridge the gap between children and adults. The interest that is developed in a child should be continuously strengthened by an unconditional support from the parents, teachers, and other significant others. Support from parents may be through a grant of some additional time for the child to enjoy the library. The physical set-up of a primary school library is a determining factor in achieving the goal of creating interest and enthusiasm among children insofar as their need to visit the library is concerned. Library design plays an important role in the realization of a primary school’s goal of cultivating the habit of learning through reading among primary school children. The tangible and the intangible goals of a primary school library go hand in hand. (Dewe, Michael. Ideas and Designs: Creating the Environment for the Primary School Library. October 2007). It is very essential that the government or other non-governmental entities give support to the initiative by giving funds for the rehabilitation of public libraries. The government units may also have a parallel program in which to recognize and appreciate children who read books and other materials in the library. A well-resourced school library plays a key part in assisting learning across the school and is essential to support the wealth of opportunities for studying the locality. An accessible, attractively presented collection of local materials that includes a range of formats will enhance effective learning and raise the status of the library within the school and beyond. (Southcombe, Dianne. Setting the Scene: Local Studies Resources in the School Library. 1999). The presence of a teacher-librarian would help in the pursuit of good library programs. To maximize the impact of a primary school library in aid of the school curriculum, a regular updating of the library’s policy and development plan are necessary. The aim is to develop the library as the school’s resource and focus for learning. (Harrison, Kay and Tricia Adams. Practical Paperwork: Policy Making and Development Planning for the Primary School Library. February 2007. ) Achieving a successful school library is a bit like gardening: little and often, with regular input to obtain healthy growth and year-round interest. (Harrison and Adams. 2007). The school’s annual calendar should include such events as would introduce the children to the use of its primary school library. Making children aware of the existence of a good primary school library in their vicinity is the first step towards the goals of establishing a good primary school library. School programs like book events should be included in the school’s calendar of activities for the year. (Dubber, Geoff and Elspeth Scott. Brilliant Books: Running a Successful School Library Book Event. 2nd edition. April 2005). A library is only as good as the material it contains and the access it provides for its users, so efficient stock management is essential for effective resource provision (Lemaire, Kathy. Shelf Life, Shelf Matters: Managing Resources in the School Library. 2nd edition. October 2004). Times are changing and libraries need to keep abreast on recent development in technology. Otherwise, there would be a gap between children and the libraries in general. With the advances achieved by the new information technology systems as well as the prevalent use of mobile phones for SMS, primary school libraries need to go beyond; than just providing children resource materials for reading. (Murphy, Richard. Going online: Developing LRC Web Pages. May 2003). The introduction of the Internet and its associated information handling/literacy skills is quickly becoming a key development in the effective use of primary school libraries. Many schools are realizing the potential of the Internet as an exciting and dynamic curriculum resource for raising pupil attainment, developing a pupil awareness of ICT for a real purpose, and promoting literacy. (Dubber, Geoff, et al. The Internet, the Primary School Library, and the Independent Learner. 2002). The rehabilitation of libraries includes those in the public schools. The funding from government is necessary (Ward, Helen. Book bonanza spurs pupils to test success. The Times Educational Supplement. London: October 26, 2007, Issue 4760. pg 15). Accessibility and ease of use of the primary school library are focus areas that need to be addressed as well by the school as it aims to develop awareness and interest among children. There are systems and tools which are available in the market to address this concern. This will help in ensuring confident use of the primary school library among children. Additionally, teachers would be aided in the instructional process of guiding children towards the regular use of the library. The school’s direction in integrating library use and school curriculum will dictate the degree of interest that the school provides in addressing ease and accessibility concerns on the use of its library. (Lemaire, Kathy. Issue Systems for the Primary School Library. 2nd edition). A key results area always requires a key process indicator to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiencies of the program. Performance measurement is being required by some governmental agencies to ensure continuous improvement of standards and attainment of objectives. Measuring the success of the primary school library in its ultimate end of awakening and cultivating interest and enthusiasm to learn among children is a real opportunity to evaluate the success thus far and to continuously strategize for improvements. (Scott, Elspeth. Measuring Success: How Effective is your School Library Resource Centre? 2001). â€Å"Enjoyment of reading at the youngest possible age sets us up for life as full members of a literate society† (Attenborough, Liz. Project Director of the National Year of Reading. As cited in Primary School Guidelines, 2002). A research study conducted by California School Libraries Association from 1993 to 2005 showed that where there is a library overall program consisting of quality and adequate staffing, flexible hours of availability, and collaborative support to school curriculum, the goal for establishing any library for that matter is achieved. In addition, 99. 4 percent of grades 3-12 students in Ohio believe school libraries and their services help them become better learners [Ohio: Todd, Kuhlthau and OELMA, 2004]. The relationship between school library program services and student achievement was not negated by other school or community demographics, [Missouri: Quantitative Resources, LLC, 2003]. The relationship between school library program development and test scores is not explained away by other school or community conditions at the elementary or middle school levels or by other school conditions at the high school level, [Oregon: Lance, Rodney, and Hamilton-Pennell, 2001] (Cited in California School Libraries Association. School Libraries Do Make A Difference. Research Studies from 1993 to 2005 in Sixteen States). In 2001, a research study was conducted among Texas school to examine school library resources, services, and use, on the basis of School Library Programs and how these made an impact on the students’ performance measured in the reading portion of Texas Assessment of Academic Skills. The research study showed that in schools were a good library program exists; students got higher percentage performance than those who had poor library resources and programs. (EGS Research Consulting. Texas School Libraries: Standards, Resources, Services, and Students’ Performance. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. April 2001). The same study shows that where there is collaborative work between Library Staff and the teachers, higher percentage performance among students’ reading skills is achieved. (EGS Research Consulting. Texas School Libraries: Standards, Resources, Services, and Students’ Performance. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. April 2001). The Texas Library Journal Volume 77 No. 4, Winter 2001 reported on the state of the libraries in Texas and how the government committed its support in the rehabilitation of their libraries. Texas believes in the necessity of transforming libraries in order for them to meet the requirements of the present. While books would still be books and the love of books would always be there, the Association of Texas Libraries advocate for the application of advance technology in their libraries to ensure wider reach and expanded services. (Texas Library Journal, 2001). I will end by returning to the question I posed in my introduction. Will â€Å"the love of books† disappear? There is the love of the content of books, and there is the love of books. For those for whom the two are inseparable, the answer must be no, the love of books won’t disappear; but perhaps eventually all the people who love books in the traditional form will disappear. I think that could take a very, very, long time. Weeks asks: â€Å"If it has no pages, just a magic tablet that emits sounds, sights, smells and tastes, is a book still a book? †13 For me, the answer is yes. I can accept â€Å"a substantial compilation of ideas or actions commonly displayed on a viewing device† as the future definition of â€Å"book. † As a librarian, I must be a philistine: I’ve always loved the content more than the package. [Juergens, Bonnie, Executive Director of Amigos Library Services](Texas Library Journal, 2001). he ex Libraries are vital to children’s achievement in school. As they need to develop their informational needs and reading habits, children need libraries and good library programs. But they would not be able to use these available materials on their own. They need the supportive details from adults like the Librarians, their teachers, and their parents. A collaborative work among these three significant others of children are necessary. (Newman, Susan. â€Å"The role of school libraries in elementary and secondary education. † Teacher Librarian. Seattle: October 2002. Vol. 30 Issue 1, pg 74). The Library Power Program at Chattanooga TNs Lakeside Elementary School has found a direct correlation between students use of the library and the level of their test scores in reading comprehension and reference skills (Anonymous. â€Å"Positive correlation between student library use and test scores. † Teacher Librarian. Seattle: Jan/Feb 1999. Vol. 26 Issue 3. pg61). The Lance Model and the Alaska study focused on evaluating the impact of good librarianship to the reading capabilities among primary school children. Several key findings were reported in these studies which point to the direct relationship between good library programs and student’s level of reading performance. (Williams, Doroty, Louisa Coles and Caroline Wavell. Impact of school library services on achievement and learning in primary schools. A critical literature review. 2002). At Lincoln Elementary School in Hawaii a program which involves children from the 5th and 4th grades are given the opportunity to work as library aides The current library aides conduct this recruitment meeting where they talk about their duties and responsibilities to help students decide if being an aide is something they really want to do. Applicants go through a rigorous one-week training period that tests their commitment and desire to serve as library aides. Throughout the training, the aides take notes and provide the trainees with individual scores for their attitude, respect, and knowledge. (Muranaga, Karen and Emmi Masumura. Library Aides: Building Character, Advancing Service. Worthington. Jan 2008. Vol 26 Issue 4 pg10). METHODOLOGY Several works are undertaken to assess the direct correlation between library programs and the reading performance among primary school children. The methodology in all these researches is more or less similar. Research study methods are used to gather data either for quantitative or qualitative analysis. The validity and availability of this data cannot be questioned and denied. Test measurements, especially those required by the state for regulatory purposes, are extensive and widely represented. Case study research is the recommended methodology to use in library studies. Researchers could use the case study method to further study the role of the librarian in implementing specific models of service. For example, case study research could examine how information-seeking behavior in public libraries compares with information-seeking behavior in places other than libraries; to conduct in-depth studies of non-library community based information services to compare with library based community information services, and to study community networks based in libraries. (The Case Study as a Research Method. Uses and Users of Information LIS 391D. 1. Spring 1997). Case studies are complex because they generally involve multiple sources of data, may include multiple cases within a study, and produce large amounts of data for analysis. Researchers from many disciplines use the case study method to build upon theory, to produce new theory, to dispute or challenge theory, to explain a situation, to provide a basis to apply solutions to situations, to explore, or to describe an object or phenomenon. The advantages of the case study method are its applicability to real-life, contemporary, human situations, and its public accessibility through written reports. Case study results relate directly to the common reader’s everyday experience and facilitate an understanding of complex real-life situations. (The Case Study as a Research Method. Uses and Users of Information LIS 391D. 1. Spring 1997). The method of Convergent Analysis simply uses a set of questions based on the area of study being undertaken. These questions are set in a standard format. A parallel run is made by reviewing relevant studies and setting them in the same format used for the set of questions prepared for the study. Analysis is done by comparing the results of the two standard formats and assess on convergent points. (Norris, Cathleen, et al. Convergent Analysis: A method for extracting the value from research studies on technology in education. Peer-Reviewed. 1999) Review of relevant studies and a re-examination of the original search strategy. It is also recommended that a kind of longitudinal study of impact of primary library provision on learning, based on the implementation of appropriate standards be also undertaken. It is also recommended to conduct a quantitative study used in the USA for use with KS1 and KS2 SATs and pilot to establish whether the methodology is transferable to the English primary education. A qualitative evaluation of the intervention using standards and any indicators may also be developed. (Williams, Dorothy, Louis Coles and Caroline Wavell). Impact of school library services on achievement and learning in primary schools. 2002). A study conducted by ETI used varied assessment tools in attaining its objective, namely: data collection through surveys; fieldwork through questionnaires and interviews; observation of children in selected settings; case study method (â€Å"Evaluation of Public Library Summer Reading Program. † The Los Angeles County Public Library Foundation. Final Report. December 2001). Fieldwork method may also be used in ascertaining the questions in the area of study. This fieldwork may consist of questionnaires distributed among selected representative population and interviews conducted among selected authorities in the area of study. (Dubazana, Khanyi. Integration of the school library into the curriculum. Education Library and Information Technology Services). CONCLUSION From the foregoing literature sources, we can safely say that there is indeed a need for a well structured primary school library. The structure includes not only the physical set-up but also the books inside the library, the library staff, and more importantly, the library program. These are the pillars of a good primary school library that supports the early development of the school child. Children believe what they see. If they see lines and lines of good attractive books then it would already create the interest in them to check out the books and go through the pages of some of them. They cannot be forced to read in an environment that is not conducive to reading. In the latte case, the inadequacy of the library would backfire any effort to arouse the interest in the child and develop the reading habit. The presence of warm and hospitable library staff would sustain the interest in the child-reader. The program that the library can offer to children is a factor that sustains the child’s interest and children would keep on going back to the library which would be as second home to them. A comprehensive work on the area of direct correlation between good library program and reading skills among primary children is relevant today. The educational trend nowadays is towards the extensive use of advance technology even in the primary schools. Reading books has become a thing of the past for many as more and more have shifted to reading information, data, stories, and news from the internet. But this shift from the good old printed material to the easy access to internet sources should be seen on a positive note. There is an opportunity to still arouse the child’s enthusiasm through the implementation of a good program. The library staff should not feel demotivated by this trend. Rather, the Library staff should continue to introduce innovations and attract children to access the library more often. The results of the study as mentioned in the above discussions should serve as an eye opener for all schools and government agencies to work collaboratively in developing the young minds into future reading-individuals. The habit of reading should be sustained all throughout the stages of his life. The shift from print to media sources of reading should be addressed positively. Awareness and campaign strategies as well as the use of a reward system in order to promote interest in reading among primary school students. The use of the internet and the advancement of technology, policies, strategies should be seen as complementing strategies in the total development of the child. The shift from printed materials to web reading among children should be addressed in order to eradicate the confusing stand on this issue; there is never a substitute for reading good printed books. Thus, while we embrace the advances of technology in the field of learning and education, we should not forget the solid foundation of reading good books from an early age. This is not only for learning and cognition. Rather, reading is very much a part of a child’s growing up with family bonds, societal norms, and tradition. The role of primary school libraries has always been to create an environment that arouses the child’s interest in books. A good library physical set-up and programs would be a good answer to the proposition – children perform excellently in the primary schools where school libraries collaborate with the school’s curriculum. It is time to begin reshaping our vision for 21st-century school library media programs, and the best way is to assemble a study group, a professional learning community, a district group of teacher-librarians, or just yourself. Compare and contrast these standards documents and then read your own mission statement. What essentials remain the same? What are different? Who needs to know? What should happen next? (Loertscher, David. Find Out What Should Work. Teacher Librarian. Seattle: December 2007. Vol 35 Issue 2 pg 40). REFERENCES Anonymous.â€Å"Positive correlation between student library use and test scores. † Teacher Librarian. Seattle: Jan/Feb 1999. Vol. 26 Issue 3. pg61. Attenborough, Liz. Project Director of the National Year of Reading. As cited in Primary School Guidelines, 2002. Cited in California School Libraries Association. School Libraries Do Make A Difference. Research Studies from 1993 to 2005 in Sixteen States. Dewe, Michael. Ideas and Designs: Creating the Environment for the Primary School Library. October 2007. Dubber, Geoff. Cultivating Curiosity: information literacy skills and the primary school library. Januray 2008. Dubazana, Khanyi. Integration of the school library into the curriculum. Education Library and Information Technology Services. Dubber, Geoff and Elspeth Scott. Brilliant Books: Running a Successful School Library Book Event. 2nd edition. April 2005. EGS Research Consulting. Texas School Libraries: Standards, Resources, Services, and Students’ Performance. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. April 2001. â€Å"Evaluation of Public Library Summer Reading Program. † The Los Angeles County Public Library Foundation. Final Report. December 2001. Harrison, Kay and Tricia Adams. Practical Paperwork: Policy Making and Development Planning for the Primary School Library. February 2007. Juergens, Bonnie, Executive Director of Amigos Library Services](Texas Library Journal, 2001. Lemaire, Kathy. Shelf Life, Shelf Matters: Managing Resources in the School Library. 2nd edition. October 2004. Loertscher, David. Find Out What Should Work. Teacher Librarian. Seattle: December 2007. Vol 35 Issue 2 pg 40. Miller, Pat. Is your library kid-friendly? Library Media Conne

Cortés :: History

Cortà ©s Cortà ©s, Hernà ¡n or Cortez, Hernando (1485-1547), Spanish explorer and conqueror of the Aztec Empire of Mexico. Cortà ©s was born in Medellà ­n, Extremadura. He studied law at the University of Salamanca, but cut short his university career in 1501 and decided to try his fortune in the New World. He sailed for Santo Domingo in the spring of 1504. In 1511 he joined the Spanish soldier and administrator Diego Velà ¡zquez in the conquest of Cuba, and subsequently became alcalde (mayor) of Santiago de Cuba. In 1518 he persuaded Velà ¡zquez, who had beco1me governor of Cuba, to give him the command of an expedition to Mexico. The mainland had been discovered the year before by the Spanish soldier and explorer Francisco Fernà ¡ndez de Cà ³rdoba and subsequently by Juan de Grijalva, nephew of Velà ¡zquez. On February 19, 1519, Cortà ©s, with a force of some 600 men, fewer than 20 horses, and 10 field pieces, set sail from Cuba, despite the cancellation of his commission by Velà ¡zquez, who had become suspicious that Cortà ©s, once in a position to establish himself independently, would refuse to recognize his authority. Cortà ©s sailed along the coast of Yucatà ¡n and in March 1519 landed in Mexico, subjugating the town of Tabasco; the artillery of the Spaniards, the ships, and particularly the horses filled the natives with awe. From the natives of Tabasco Cortà ©s learned of the Aztec Empire and its ruler, Montezuma II. Cortà ©s took numerous captives, one of whom, Malinche (baptized Marina), became his mistress; out of loyalty to him she acted as the interpreter, guide, and counselor for the Spaniards. Finding a better harbor a little north of San Juan, the Spaniards moved there and established a town, La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz (now Veracruz). Cortà ©s organized an independent government, and renouncing the authority of Velà ¡zquez, acknowledged only the supreme authority of the Spanish crown. In order to prevent those of his small force who opposed this movement from deserting him and carrying the news to Cuba, Cortà ©s destroyed his fleet. After negotiations with Montezuma, who tried to persuade Cortà ©s not to enter the capital city of Tenochtitlà ¡n, Cortà ©s started his famous march inland. He overcame the native Tlascalans and then formed an alliance with them against the Aztecs, their enemies. From that time until the conquest was achieved, the Tlascalans continued to be the most important of all the native allies of the Spaniards.

Family System Theory Essay

Human Beings depend on each other to survive and thrive. Whether in family group, business or organizational networks, relationships have the potential to be the resources for accomplishing important goal. Our interactive process can become a hindrance or a source of a productive action. Families are considered systems because they are made up of interrelated elements or objectives, they exhibit coherent behaviours, they have regular interactions and they are interdependent on each other. This is apparent in the relationship between flowers and bees, where bees use the flowers as a source of food, and the flowers depend on the inter-flower traffic that the bees provide to spread their pollen and insure healthy genetic diversity within the flower community. These two species are interconnected and cannot be understood in isolation. If the bees become damaged, the flowers suffer, and vice versa. When any part of such a network is altered or damaged, it affects all the other parts of that network, for all are interconnected (Dombeck & Wells, 2006). The Family Systems insight is that what is true about flowers and bees is also true of human relationships. People live in families and social groupings, and depend upon one another for the means that insure their mutual survival, including (as Maslow has taught us) food clothing and shelter, but also safety, belonging and social support. Family members are interconnected: Every person within a family has a role to play within the life of the family as a whole. Alteration or damage to one family member affects the entire family, for all are interconnected. A change in one persons functioning can be followed by reciprocal changes in the functioning of others in the family. Family systems theory views the family as an emotional unit that implies a deep, multi-generational connection between family members that significantly influences behaviors of its members outside of their conscious awareness. Family Systems theory or Bowen theory is based on three main assumptions: clients problematic behavior may serve a function or purpose for the family clients problematic behavior may be a function of the families inability to operate productively the maladaptive behavior may be a symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed from generations I find the family systems theory to be the most practical and effective approach towards making positive changes within the family unit. Unlike other theories, Family Systems theory focuses on the entire family unit instead of a particular individual, family structure , a developmental stage, crisis or a behavior causing the dysfunction in the family. The theory provides a holistic and a realistic view of the problem and how best it can be treated by assisting the family members in realizing the problem and using the family as its own resource to solve the problem. Research has shown that incorporating Family System theory into therapeutic practice can enhance the recovery of the client and the family as a whole.

The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams - 2140 Words

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is a play that represents the revelation of truth, the struggle of accepting reality, and the realization of possession. We focus in on the Wingfield family consisting of the mother, Amanda, her daughter, Laura, her son, Tom, and her absent husband that ran off years ago, but still holds a presence in the household despite his absence. Considering that this play was set in the 40’s and deals with issues that the present society does not face, it seems that this play has become â€Å"irrelevant† to us. Although, it is more relevant than ever before due to today’s society’s suppression of inner struggles just as the Wingfield family does. In 2014 modern day, the world is suffocating with laptops, games, phones, and other little distractions that cripple us from properly communicating with other people and with ourselves. This is a direct parallel to Laura’s life and her precious glass menagerie’s that s he holds dear to heart, which forms as the true crippling crutch in her life, not her brace. I began my dramaturgical approach to this conclusion by first, reading the play, researching the core themes about the play and characters lives, and thus correlating it to our modern day lives. The Glass Menagerie first premiered on the stage of the Playhouse Theatre in New York City on March 31st, 1945. Before the play had premiered, it turns out that Williams’ was extremely stressed for the opening because the actress portraying Amanda, â€Å"TaylorShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams985 Words   |  4 Pageshardly catch it going. ¨ This quote by the author of The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams, describes both The Glass Menagerie, a memory play, and the life of Tennessee Williams himself, for whom memories played a large role in his life. Within the play, many parallels can be drawn between the life of Williams and the life of Tom, the main character, such as a disdain for factory work. In addition, several characters in The Glass Menagerie have a difficult time fitting into the roles that theirRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams was a renowned Pulitzer Prize-winning playwriter for his numerous plays throughout his career. One of such plays is The Glass Menagerie. After perfecting his play for many years, The Glass Menagerie was first introduced to Broadway on March 31, 1945. As a young writer, Williams lived vicariously through his plays. Throughout this play in particular, there are several allegories that pertain to Williams life. Although Williams had a relatively happy childhood, his life changedRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams986 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie, is a classic drama about a young man who is tired of his dull and boring existence. Tom, the main character, struggles to deal with his family, who is apparently holding him back in life. With the use of powerful writing techniques, Williams is able to captivate his audience and create a play that has stood the test of time. An excellent writing technique employed by Williams that contributes to The Glass Menagerie’s success is his use of plot. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams932 Words   |  4 Pages THE GLASS MENAGERIE Name Instructor Institution Course Date The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, the author in the play †The Glass Menagerie† that is based on his life that presents characters that, as caught animals in an cage, live in woeful states and just wish to unravel themselves from this state (Fisher, 2010). The primary clash in the story emerges through their longing to encounter a different world, but their condition opens them to life s unforgiving realities. LifeRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe outside world The Glass Menagerie is very interesting because William s play relates to alot of people and their situations, people can learn alot from it alot whether they connect to Amanda and her past or to Laura and her lack of confidence and being in a world of her own or to Tom and his internal conflict about abandoning his family or staying with them. Laura s life is all about her glass menageries what happens when her glass unicorn breaks? What happens when a gentlemanRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1619 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation is prevalent in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams. This is presented in symbols such as blue roses and the glass unicorn, for they are imagined objects and only existent in another fantasy world. Williams incorporates such arcane symbols to draw out his characters, Amanda, Laura, and Tom, and how they cope with confinement. Most importantly, the symbols of the play represent how isolation debilita tes them psychologically in an attempt to connect with reality. The jonquils representRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee William1014 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† of Tennessee William, he wrote a drama play to emphasize readers about the life is at a standstill the Wingfield family. Through of the Wingfield family, he uses many symbols which represent many things, but the important main symbolization is fire escape that shows three main characters; Tom Wingfield, his fire escape is the way out of Amanda and Laura. Amanda Wingfield, hope gentlemen callers to enter their lives, and Laura Wingfield, who wants in her own worldRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams, born Thomas Lanier Williams, wrote The Glass Menagerie, a play which premiered in Chicago in 1944. This award winning play, autobiographical in nature, represented a time in which Williams felt the obligation of his responsibilities in regards to the care of his family. Robert DiYanni, Adjunct Professor of Humanities at New York University, rated it as, â€Å"One of his best-loved plays...a portrayal of loneliness among characters who confuseRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIn Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie, there is a collection of glass animal figurines that belong to Laura. Laura uses those figurines to escape her reality. The â€Å"glass menagerie† is also a metaphor because all of the characters have a metaphorical glass menagerie that they use to escape their reality. Tom escapes his reality by going to the movies, drinking, and writing poetry. Tom says, â€Å"I go to the movies because – I like adventure†¦ something I don’t have much of at work† (Williams 33)Read MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams867 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw the line between getting what you want and doing what you are obligated to do? In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main characters are torn between fulfilling their desires and aligning with their role in society. On the surface, Amanda Wingfield plays the role of a caring mother that would do anything in her children’s best interest. However, according to the play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, you should never be fooled by the â€Å"Illusion of the truth.† She indeed values her children’s